The aim of this chapter is to explain in a simple way, without complications of mathematical modeling, a set of concepts and emphasize their interconnections and combinations in a large body of knowledge they created and emphasize the theoretical and applied benefits. In today's business world marked by profound changes and technological challenges, global companies are in fact developing strategies to improve their profitability and efficiency while adapting to geopolitical changes. To strengthen their resilience, they are increasingly turning to restructuring, partnership re-engineering, and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) to consolidate their market position and increase their chances of survival. This book chapter analyses in its first part a large set of research papers related to this topic. Among the approaches and methodologies adopted for analyzing this dynamic, we explain the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and its variants and emphasized on the assessment of the efficiency gains realized through mergers, acquisitions, takeovers, splits, consolidations and restructuring. The related literature, referenced in SCOPUS, is analyzed and the features of this literature are identified and analyzed, emphasizing the most influencing authors and the topics of their research. Finally, the concluding section synthetizes the interconnections between DEA and its variants as a tool from one side and the restructuring and consolidation dynamics of businesses, mainly M&A, from the other side. Several topics are suggested to widen this body of knowledge and boost its impact on goods and services industries and improve understanding production processes in a variety of sectors.